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Access will be granted upon approval by the authors.","fileAccessRequest":true,"metadataBlocks":{"citation":{"displayName":"Citation Metadata","name":"citation","fields":[{"typeName":"title","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"In Pursuit of Informed Voters: Three Experimental Studies on Enhanced Voting Advice Applications"},{"typeName":"author","multiple":true,"typeClass":"compound","value":[{"authorName":{"typeName":"authorName","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Kamoen, Naomi"},"authorAffiliation":{"typeName":"authorAffiliation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"https://ror.org/04b8v1s79","expandedvalue":{"scheme":"http://www.grid.ac/ontology/","termName":"Tilburg University","@type":"https://schema.org/Organization"}},"authorIdentifierScheme":{"typeName":"authorIdentifierScheme","multiple":false,"typeClass":"controlledVocabulary","value":"ORCID"},"authorIdentifier":{"typeName":"authorIdentifier","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"0000-0002-8719-2417"}},{"authorName":{"typeName":"authorName","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Liebrecht, Christine"},"authorAffiliation":{"typeName":"authorAffiliation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"https://ror.org/04b8v1s79","expandedvalue":{"scheme":"http://www.grid.ac/ontology/","termName":"Tilburg University","@type":"https://schema.org/Organization"}},"authorIdentifierScheme":{"typeName":"authorIdentifierScheme","multiple":false,"typeClass":"controlledVocabulary","value":"ORCID"},"authorIdentifier":{"typeName":"authorIdentifier","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"0000-0002-6621-2212"}}]},{"typeName":"datasetContact","multiple":true,"typeClass":"compound","value":[{"datasetContactName":{"typeName":"datasetContactName","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"TiU Dataverse Admins"},"datasetContactAffiliation":{"typeName":"datasetContactAffiliation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Tilburg University"}},{"datasetContactName":{"typeName":"datasetContactName","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Kamoen, Naomi"},"datasetContactAffiliation":{"typeName":"datasetContactAffiliation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Tilburg University"}}]},{"typeName":"dsDescription","multiple":true,"typeClass":"compound","value":[{"dsDescriptionValue":{"typeName":"dsDescriptionValue","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Voters frequently struggle to understand political attitude statements in Voting Advice Applications (VAAs) and often invest limited effort in resolving these difficulties. Conversational Agent VAAs (CAVAAs) aim to reduce the cognitive effort involved in searching for relevant information by integrating chatbots that can provide contextual support. This paper presents findings from three studies comparing CAVAAs to standard VAAs without additional information (Studies 1 and 2) and to VAAs with static clickable explanations (Study 3, VAA+). Study 1 (N = 93) was a laboratory experiment conducted during the 2023 Dutch Parliamentary elections with university students. Participants were assigned to either a standard VAA, or a CAVAA condition. The chatbot in the CAVAA was used in approximately 45% of cases, with users showing a preference for opinion-based and status quo information. Compared to the standard VAA, CAVAAs reduced non-directional responses and increased evaluations of the tool being usable, Moreover, as well as users’users perceived knowledge was higher, whereas no differences were found for factual knowledge and turn-out intention. Study 2 (N = 144) largely replicated these results in a field setting with a more diverse sample and showed that the effects held hold across different levels of political sophistication. Study 3 (N = 159), conducted during the 2024 European elections, compared a CAVAA to a VAA+ with static clickable explanations. While VAA+ users requested information more frequently than CAVAA users, both tools received similar evaluations, and this finding was again consistent across user groups based on their level of political sophistication. In the manuscript we discuss the implications of these findings for theory and practice."},"dsDescriptionDate":{"typeName":"dsDescriptionDate","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"2025-08-08"}}]},{"typeName":"subject","multiple":true,"typeClass":"controlledVocabulary","value":["Arts and Humanities","Computer and Information Science","Social Sciences"]},{"typeName":"keyword","multiple":true,"typeClass":"compound","value":[{"keywordValue":{"typeName":"keywordValue","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Conversational Agents"}},{"keywordValue":{"typeName":"keywordValue","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Political knowledge"}},{"keywordValue":{"typeName":"keywordValue","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Voting Advice Applications"}}]},{"typeName":"publication","multiple":true,"typeClass":"compound","value":[{"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Kamoen, N., Liebrecht, C., Van Lieshout, R. (2026). In pursuit of informed voters: three experimental studies on enhanced voting advice applications. Politics and Governance, 14, 11234."},"publicationIDType":{"typeName":"publicationIDType","multiple":false,"typeClass":"controlledVocabulary","value":"doi"},"publicationIDNumber":{"typeName":"publicationIDNumber","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"10.17645/pag.11234"},"publicationURL":{"typeName":"publicationURL","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.11234"}}]},{"typeName":"producer","multiple":true,"typeClass":"compound","value":[{"producerName":{"typeName":"producerName","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Tilburg University"}}]},{"typeName":"distributor","multiple":true,"typeClass":"compound","value":[{"distributorName":{"typeName":"distributorName","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"DataverseNL"}}]},{"typeName":"depositor","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Kamoen, Naomi"},{"typeName":"dateOfDeposit","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"2025-08-08"},{"typeName":"dateOfCollection","multiple":true,"typeClass":"compound","value":[{"dateOfCollectionStart":{"typeName":"dateOfCollectionStart","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"2023-10-31"},"dateOfCollectionEnd":{"typeName":"dateOfCollectionEnd","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"2024-06-06"}}]},{"typeName":"kindOfData","multiple":true,"typeClass":"primitive","value":["survey data and chat data"]},{"typeName":"relatedDatasets","multiple":true,"typeClass":"primitive","value":["The first study in the current dataverse is related to the Dataverse Kamoen, Naomi, 2025, \"Enhancing Voter Decision-Making: The Impact of Proactive and Reactive Chatbots in Voting Advice Applications\", https://doi.org/10.34894/YZSD50, DataverseNL, V1."]}]},"dansDataVaultMetadata":{"displayName":"Data Vault Metadata","name":"dansDataVaultMetadata","fields":[{"typeName":"dansDataversePid","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"doi:10.34894/R2YWEL"},{"typeName":"dansDataversePidVersion","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"1.0"},{"typeName":"dansBagId","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"urn:uuid:d31f1fd2-c8ef-416b-b2ff-9a895a53e0d5"},{"typeName":"dansNbn","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"urn:nbn:nl:ui:13-5ecad67e-141a-4e1d-ab4f-e7046856c05d"}]}},"files":[{"description":"Antwoorddata studie 1 (deze bevat dus alleen de antwoorden op de stellingen, maar dan wel van beide condities)","label":"Study1_antwoorddata_Dataverse.sav","restricted":true,"version":2,"datasetVersionId":31069,"dataFile":{"id":556737,"persistentId":"","filename":"Study1_antwoorddata_Dataverse.sav","contentType":"application/x-spss-sav","friendlyType":"SPSS Binary","filesize":34451,"description":"Antwoorddata studie 1 (deze bevat dus alleen de antwoorden op de stellingen, maar dan wel van beide condities)","storageIdentifier":"surf://store:19a776c7f37-114538e374a3","rootDataFileId":-1,"checksum":{"type":"SHA-1","value":"20c377af132cc557671e61b3961c3fbfe81393b8"},"tabularData":false,"creationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationDate":"2026-01-30","lastUpdateTime":"2026-01-30T15:09:03Z","fileAccessRequest":true}},{"description":"klikgedrag in de chatbot in studie 1","label":"Study1_klikgedrag_Dataverse.sav","restricted":true,"version":3,"datasetVersionId":31069,"dataFile":{"id":556736,"persistentId":"","filename":"Study1_klikgedrag_Dataverse.sav","contentType":"application/x-spss-sav","friendlyType":"SPSS Binary","filesize":40619,"description":"klikgedrag in de chatbot in studie 1","storageIdentifier":"surf://store:19a776a9f84-d2f281596d57","rootDataFileId":-1,"checksum":{"type":"SHA-1","value":"863400183e2a9ff805a10c18426655db8adbd9cc"},"tabularData":false,"creationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationDate":"2026-01-30","lastUpdateTime":"2026-01-30T15:09:03Z","fileAccessRequest":true}},{"description":"Surveydata van studie 1","label":"Study1_surveydata_Dataverse.sav","restricted":true,"version":2,"datasetVersionId":31069,"dataFile":{"id":556735,"persistentId":"","filename":"Study1_surveydata_Dataverse.sav","contentType":"application/x-spss-sav","friendlyType":"SPSS Binary","filesize":86308,"description":"Surveydata van studie 1","storageIdentifier":"surf://store:19a775e9d60-4cc15a9503f0","rootDataFileId":-1,"checksum":{"type":"SHA-1","value":"661533a72cbb8b16dbfc4b3f437861d1e5472b2c"},"tabularData":false,"creationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationDate":"2026-01-30","lastUpdateTime":"2026-01-30T15:09:03Z","fileAccessRequest":true}},{"description":"DIt is een MLWIN-file die niet ondersteund wordt door Dataverse maar ik wel graag opsla. 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